These proportions have remained stable for the last 5 years. Youth Custody Report for November 2013 published. Of the cases where the sex of the individual being detained was recorded, 45% were female and 55% were male. , Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Main national tables: Table 3a: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils at the end of key stage 4 by type of school and gender. , Figures on cautions exclude cases where sex is not known (in 1% of cases), Summary motoring offences are not considered in relation to cautions or cautioning rates as these tend to be addressed using Fixed Penalty Notices. Figure 7.02 Conviction ratios for indictable offences by sex and ethnic group, England and Wales, 2019. Where figures have been published, links are provided as part of the text and tables. This chapter also includes analysis on the educational attainment and overall educational background of offenders through a data sharing exercise between MoJ and DfE. In 2019, prosecutions by age distribution of males and female defendants was broadly similar, with the majority of defendants concentrated between the ages of 18 and 59. Britain has the highest proportion of fatherless families (2 million) of any major European country. In 2018/19, 671 homicides took place; 64% of victims were male and 36% were female. , Indictable offences are more serious offences that may (if triable-either-way) or must (if indictable only) be passed on to the Crown Court; while summary offences are typically less serious and almost always dealt with entirely in magistrates courts. The largest percentage difference is for drug offences which have a median offence to completion that is 47% higher (49 days) for females in comparison to males. The defendant can be directed to appear in court or remanded on bail or custody. Court custody includes those remanded in custody at any stage of proceedings at magistrates or Crown Court who may also have been given bail or not remanded at some stage of those proceedings. Youth custody statistics for September 2013 published. Among both adult female and male offenders, the reoffending rate was highest for those aged 35 to 39 at 30.4% and 34.4%, respectively. Reference will usually be made to children by which we refer to individuals aged 10 to 17 years of age[footnote 80][footnote 81]. , The data used for this section are sourced from the magistrates court administrative database LIBRA-MIS. Youth custody data for July 2015 published. Youth custody data report for June 2014 published. Youth custody report for July 2016 published. , Source: GCSE and equivalent results: 2013 to 2014 (revised) National tables: Table 3a: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils at the end of key stage 4 by type of school and gender. This chapter (largely drawing from the Offender Management statistics Quarterly) provides statistics relating to offenders in custody or under supervision in the community, by sex. Perceptions of the Criminal Justice System. Most of this decrease is accounted for by a reduction in the number of females prosecuted for theft offences (10,500 fewer in 2019 than in 2015), particularly theft from shops, for which there were 8,200 fewer prosecutions. This aligns with the differences in the types of offence males and females were typically prosecuted for, as discussed in Chapter 8: Offence Analysis. Females represented 5% of the prison population and this proportion has remained stable over the last five years. The biggest difference between males and females in median days from offence to completion is the 102 days more (25%) for females in fraud offence cases, which can be explained by the 108 days higher offence to charge for females in comparison to males. The HMPPS Offender Equalities report 2019/20 (released on the same day as this report) also includes information on: Mother and Baby units, Sexual Orientation in the Prison Population, Accredited Programmes, Incentives and Earned Privileges and Electronic Monitoring. Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Characteristics national tables: Table CH1: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils and the end of key stage 4 by pupil characteristics. Female representation among court judges continued to steadily increase, similarly to the last five years (28% in 2016; 32% in 2020). Police station advice and magistrates court representation constitute the majority of the total crime lower work load (97%). , Data from Nature of Violent Crime, England and Wales: year ending 2019 (appendix tables), Data on victims of Domestic abuse in 2019/20 is discussed in more detail further into this chapter. If you use assistive technology (such as a screen reader) and need a Similar falls have been seen in the number of defendants prosecuted over the last 5 years when broken down by sex; the number of prosecutions for male defendants fell by 11% to 904,000 in 2019 and prosecutions for female defendants fell by 12% to 324,000 in 2019. We will provide further updates regarding the availability of a consistent back series in subsequent Criminal Court Statistics publications[footnote 44]. There are some depressing statistics in this regard: 83% of sole-custody awards go to women. Three-year time series refers to 2016/17 to 2018/19. A fast delivery PSR is only suitable where the case was of low seriousness or medium seriousness, and where the court indicates that a community sentence is being considered. The custody rate for this offence was lower for female offenders (19%) than for males (26%). , This section excludes those where sex is not stated and other defendants such as companies and public bodies in total these accounted for 10% of all defendants in 2019. The only exceptions are when we are deliberately discussing all aged offenders. The processes by which other revisions will be communicated and published. , Proven reoffending statistics are reported based on cohorts of offenders who are released from custody, received a non-custodial conviction at court, or received a caution within a three-month period. In 2019, Black males were particularly over represented, accounting for 12% of all male prosecutions. Of all female offenders cautioned or convicted in 2019, 35% were first time offenders, compared to 22% for males. In 2019/20, 640,000 arrests were carried out by police in England and Wales, which has remained stable over the last 3 years following a previously downward trend. All official statistics should comply with all aspects of the Code of Practice for Statistics. This report provides an overview of these children and their custodial parents, including their socioeconomic characteristics and the types and the amount of child support received from noncustodial parents. This includes those aged under 18 and 18 year olds. Figure 5.01: The journey of males and females through the CJS, 2019. , See the Families and Households 2019 dataset for further information on household types. The number of arrests has seen a larger percentage decrease for children than adults over the last 5 years, with decreases of 21% for adults and 27% for children since 2015/16. Previously mothers had no rights at all over their children if the marriage broke down. A first time offender is an offender who has been arrested by police in England or Wales; and who has received a first conviction, caution or youth caution for any offence[footnote 87] recorded on the Police National Computer. Of those sentenced, a consistently higher proportion of female offenders were fined and had a lower average fine than male offenders over the last 5 years. This was much higher than the proportion of all year 11 pupils who had SEN with a statement (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 106] and 2014/15 [footnote 107](2% for young females and 5% for young males). In 2018/19, 12,300[footnote 30] young people engaged with liaison and diversion services, of which 19% were female. Where a source is not National Statistics, users should consider this when making judgements about the weight that can be put on related findings. Finally, children from broken common-law unions (84 percent), as well as children from Quebec (87 percent), were most likely to remain in the custody of their mothers, and there is possibly a link between these two results. Police station advice alone accounts for 71% of the workload for both sexes in 2019, increasing from around 60% since 2012. Full details on data limitations and conclusion can be found in the technical guide. This analysis compares the genders in the matched young offender cohort, broken down by disposal, educational attainment, pupil characteristics, persistent absence and exclusion. Figure 7.12: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with a record of fixed period exclusion, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.5). The most common sentence for indictable benefit fraud offences was a community sentence, received by 51% of females and 53% of males sentenced in 2019. Benefit fraud females made up 58% of the 1160 convictions for indictable benefit fraud offences up 2 pp from 2015. A BBC report suggested that in 2011 men accounted for just 8% of the UK's single parents. Young females had higher levels of FSM eligibility across all disposals, except for fines, compared to young males. This proportions differ from the total prison population, which were 95% and 5% respectively. A technical document titled A Guide to Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System is available alongside this report, which provides users with information on the concepts and terminology used within the report, as well as information about data sources, data quality and references. A higher proportion of female offenders were first time offenders, compared to males. Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 states that: The Secretary of State shall in each year publish such information as they consider expedient for the purpose of facilitating the performance of those engaged in the administration of justice to avoid discriminating against any persons on the ground of race or sex or any other improper ground. Over the last 5 years, the number of individual formally dealt with has decreased but the proportions have remained constant. Newport, UK: Office for National Statistics. 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English & Maths. This varies by offence type, females accounted for a higher proportion of prosecutions for summary offences (29%) than indictable offences (14%). In 2019, females made up 17% of offenders issued community orders and 14% of suspended sentence orders (with requirements). There was also a higher proportion of females with mental health needs, the majority of which were depressive illness which affected 25% of females compared to 20% of males. Between 2015 and 2019, female children saw the largest decline, a decrease of 35% in prosecutions, compared to a 29% decrease for male children that were prosecuted over the same period. This was much higher than the proportion of all year 11 pupils who had SEN without a statement (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 108] (13% for young females and 18% for young males) and 2014/15[footnote 109] (10% for both young females and 14% for young males). Similarly, we refer to females / males and women / men in this report, as a reflection of the binary classification in use. As with PNDs, a larger proportion of female offenders were cautioned for theft offences (19% compared to 10% for males) whereas a larger proportion of male offenders were cautioned for drug offences (27% compared to 13% for females). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of sexual assault in the last year among men aged 16-74 for 2019/20 (0.7%) compared to 2018/19. As with custodial sentences, females on average received shorter community orders (11.6 months) and suspended sentence orders (16.6 months) on compared to males (at 12.5 and 17.3 months respectively). Refer to https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/930457/Guide-to-proven-reoffending_Oct20.pdf for further details on methodology. This chapter reports on the trends in the composition of staff and practitioners throughout the criminal justice system (CJS) by sex. , For both indictable and summary offences. The study relied solely on electronically available published opinions in child custody cases (n = 4,338). Females reported better conditions and facilities than males regarding: having their own cell, clean clothes, clean sheets, relationships with staff and contacting family and friends. In 2019, Black males were particularly over represented, accounting for 12% of all male prosecutions. These include: National liaison and diversion services data from NHS England, Survey data from Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons Annual Report, (New) Understanding Educational Background of Offenders (MoJ/ DfE data share). , Where there were multiple offences on the same occasion, only the primary offence as recorded on the Police National Computer (PNC) would be counted. Violent crime was most prevalent in the 16-24 age group (Figure 3.02). , Breakdown by offence type is not available in the CSEW 2019/20 data. There is a glossary that explains the definition of each disposal in the technical guide, along with a summary of the data share. The CSEW 2018/19 provides the most recent breakdown of personal crime by offence (Figure 3.01)[footnote 10] . Figure 5.03: Number of defendants proceeded against at magistrates courts, by offence type and sex, 2015 to 2019. And while a bias against men in child custody cases has been around for decades, let's explain why this is happening from a legal perspective. Further information on the methodology and cohort size can be found in the technical guide. Of all ethnic groups, both White female and White male offenders had the highest conviction ratios[footnote 72] for indictable offences at 84% and 85%, respectively, a trend that has remained broadly stable since 2015. The age distribution of female and male defendants is broadly similar. For both sexes, the 30 to 39 age range represented the highest number of those prosecuted in 2019. National Statistics status means that official statistics meet the highest standards of trustworthiness, quality and public value. Youth custody data for April 2018 published. Figure 4.04: Percentage of Penalty Notices for Disorder issued, by offence and sex, 2019. Ethnic minority groups accounted for a higher proportion of prosecutions against males compared to females. those who deal with civil, family law and criminal cases. They are awarded National Statistics status following an assessment by the Authoritys regulatory arm. Between 2015 and 2019, offenders of unknown sex comprised less than 1% of offenders. Of all female offenders cautioned or convicted in 2019, 35% were first time offenders, compared to 22% for males. This total includes exclusions from previous schools covered by the exclusion legislation.] Fines accounted for 99% of those sentenced for TV licence evasion in 2019 across both sexes. In 2019/20, 2.6% of all children were victims of violent crime. Overall personal crime rates continue to decrease from 2015/16. In 2019, the highest level of concordance (excluding suspended sentence orders) for both males and females was in custodial sentences, at 89% for males and 79% for females[footnote 55]. In contrast, a higher proportion of male than female first time offenders were cautioned or convicted for drug offences over the last 5 years (13% and 5% respectively in 2019). Youth justice custody report - August 2014 published. The average child support received by custodial parents as of 2017 was $3,431 per year. Of all cautions issued in 2019, 55% were for indictable offences, a proportion which has been increasing over the last 5 years, from 49% in 2015. The representation of females among HMPPS staff (excluding NPS)[footnote 122] has increased over the last five years, from 39% to 42%. Youth custody report for May 2016 published. The proportion of females experiencing domestic abuse in 2019/20 was 7.3%, double that of males (3.6%). For both young males and young females that received a sentence/caution in the matched cohort, over half received FSM. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. Sex can be considered to refer to whether someone is male or female based on their physiology, with gender representing a social construct or sense of self that takes a wider range of forms. , PSRs provide information to the court about the offender and any circumstances surrounding the offence, to help decide on a suitable sentence. Youth custody report for September 2014 published. In 2018/19, the most frequent method of killing was sharp instrument for both males (46%) and females (25%), accounting for 39% of all homicides, consistent with previous years. Over the last 5 years, there have been increases in female representation across almost all CJS organisations and in the proportion of senior staff. This is the latest biennial compendium of Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System and follows its sister publication Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System published last year. This was driven by a decrease in prevalence of indecent exposure and unwanted touching, and rape excluding attempts. More females experienced two types of abuse (18.3%) than males (13.5%), often including domestic stalking. The proportion of all young offenders in the matched cohort that achieved 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English and Maths, was slightly higher for the young female group, at 12%, compared to 10% for young males. Having a SEN statement may indicate a higher level of need. The conviction ratio for female children in 2019 was 67%, 4 percentage points lower than in 2015 and 3 percentage points lower than the male child conviction ratio (70%) in 2019. Youth custody report for February 2017 published. Dont include personal or financial information like your National Insurance number or credit card details. This has remained broadly stable since 2015. The majority of female homicides took place in or around a house/dwelling (71%), whereas only 39% of male homicides took place here. The largest increase in female representation was seen in court judges by 5 percentage points, to 32%. Youth custody report for February 2015 published. Well send you a link to a feedback form. Divorce Rate by Gender; The Rate of Divorce by Age; . For both sexes, the 30 to 39 age range represented the highest number of those prosecuted in 2019. , In some cases, such as in the prison population, the age band for children is defined differently. This reflects the difference in relationship to suspect in cases for men and women with women much more likely to be killed by an acquaintance. Figure 5.09: The level of concordance between sentences proposed and outcomes for female and male offenders, by sentence type, 2019[footnote 56]. Among children, 7.9% of males reported crimes against the person in 2019/20, significantly more than females did (3.7%). In 2019/20, 27.6% of females aged 16-74 reported being victims of domestic abuse once or more since age 16, double that of males (13.8%)[footnote 17]. , Data for offending history includes both indictable and summary offences - unless otherwise stated. , From April 2017, the upper age limit for the self-completion module was increased to ask all respondents aged 16 to 74. Within the Ministry of Justices statistical publications there can be three main reasons for statistics to be revised: Changes in how either source administrative systems collect information or a change in statistical methodology to improve accuracy and measurement. , In 2019/20, the CPS moved from annual reporting, in the Violence Against Women and Girls annual report, to quarterly data. In June 2019, the number of children and young people up to 18 years old in secure estates[footnote 61] was 885, of which 3% were female. As at 30 June 2019, 15% of females and 6% of males were serving sentences of less than 12 months. In the 2019/20 HM Inspectorate of Prisons survey, females reported significantly more negative results for questions related to problems on arrival at prison. The indictable offence groups with the highest proportion of females prosecuted were fraud offences (33% female) and theft offences (21% female), while the groups with the highest proportion of males prosecuted were sexual offences (98% male) and possession of weapons (93% male). In 2018/19, a total of 85,900[footnote 28] adults engaged with liaison and diversion services, of which just over a fifth (21%) were females which is a higher proportion than those arrested (please see arrests section of this chapter). The most common offence group[footnote 29] for those engaged with liaison and diversion services was violence against the person, for which a larger proportion of females were being dealt with compared to males (29% compared to 22%). A higher proportion of female prisoners self-harmed in 2019. 2% of crime lower legal aid clients had an unstated sex. Crime higher concerns legal representation in the Crown Court and above. This chapter explores the nature, extent and risks of victimisation, as reported in the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW): year ending March 2020[footnote 2][footnote 3][footnote 4][footnote 5], Homicide in England and Wales: year ending March 2019, and associated publications including Domestic abuse in England and Wales: year ending March 2019, and the Nature of Violent Crime in England and Wales: year ending March 2019.

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